In January 2026, China’s National Bureau of Statistics reported that the country recorded its lowest birth rate since 1949. Fewer than eight million babies were born in 2025, a figure once unimaginable for a nation long associated with demographic abundance.The decline is not marginal. With roughly 5.6 births per 1,000 people, China now ranks among the world’s lowest-fertility societies, closer to aging European economies than to the image of a rising Asian power.
More striking still, this marked the fourth consecutive year in which China’s total population shrank. What was once framed as a looming challenge has solidified into a structural reality.
