Xi clearly has calculated that these approaches are not only paramount in defining his leadership and claiming China’s global role, but are also essential to addressing its endemic economic weaknesses and further tightening the Party’s grip on the economy and society. The centralized top-down approach is reminiscent of Mao-era authoritarianism. With few remaining avenues for dissent and a political system that demands absolute loyalty to the individual leader, it has become unlikely that anyone could dissuade Xi should he decide to take actions that risk igniting a catastrophic conflict.