The sister of Thailand’s king was nominated on Friday as a candidate for prime minister, but by day’s end, the political foray was rebuked by the monarch as “inappropriate” behavior that violated the nation’s constitutional monarchy, apparently ending her candidacy. In a kingdom where the royal family is considered above the volcanic eruptions of Thai politics, the prospect of the king’s sister running for office, followed by the public airing of a disagreement between the royal siblings, upended the political landscape.